Hypertension is a common clinical condition characterized by elevated blood pressure levels. It is also known as hypertensive heart disease or high blood pressure. Have you ever wondered what the blood pressure (BP) exactly is?
Blood pressure is the pressure exerted on the lateral wells of the blood vessels, precisely arteries, while the blood flows through them. To better understand blood pressure measurements, you must know about systolic and diastolic pressure. Systolic blood pressure denotes the pressure exerted when the heart beats. On the other hand, diastolic pressure is the pressure exerted on the resting state of the heart between the beats. The normal blood pressure of a healthy adult is 120/80 mmHg. Depending on your activity, your blood pressure changes throughout the day. Therefore, the diagnosis of high blood pressure may be made if blood pressure readings are frequently higher than normal. According to the American heart association, systolic blood pressure of 130-139 or diastolic blood pressure of 80-89 is considered stage 1 hypertension. The condition can be managed effectively with early diagnosis, timely treatment, and lifestyle modification.
Causes of hypertension
The major causes of high blood pressure include increasing age, too high salt intake, family history, obesity, lack of exercise, stress, alcohol consumption, smoking, pregnancy, and chronic metabolic diseases. However, the exact pathophysiology of the developing condition is poorly understood.
High blood pressure symptoms
It is challenging to identify hypertension symptoms, especially in the early stages of the condition. However, in the more advanced stages, the patient complains of recurrent morning headaches, nausea, blurred vision, nose blood, shortness of breath, cardiac arrhythmia, ringing in the ears, exhaustion, chest pain, anxiety, and trembling muscles, along with elevated blood pressure.
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The human serum and plasma samples from hypertension patients are tested for specific cardiac markers such as Troponin I (TnI), Troponin T (TnT), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal prohormone b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), myoglobin, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), D-dimer, and cystatin C.
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